Definition

AI decision logging is the structured recording of AI system decisions, inputs, outputs, actors, and system state so decisions can be traced, reviewed, and audited later.

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AI Governance Glossary

AI Decision Logging

AI decision logging gives organizations a machine-readable evidence trail for how an AI system behaved at a specific point in time. It is a core building block for auditability, accountability, incident review, and regulatory compliance. Decision logs complement application telemetry — where telemetry captures runtime performance, decision logs capture governance-relevant events: what the system decided, under which policy, with what rationale, and with what authority.

Why it matters

  • It creates a durable record of what the system did and when.
  • It helps teams reconstruct failures, overrides, and high-risk decisions.
  • It supports internal governance, external audits, and regulator requests.
  • Hash-chained decision records provide tamper evidence — altering any historical record breaks the chain.

Regulatory relevance

  • EU AI Act Article 12 requires automatic logging of events during the operation of high-risk AI systems, with a minimum six-month retention period.
  • EU AI Act Article 19 requires that providers maintain logs generated by their systems.
  • Decision logs support technical documentation, post-market monitoring, and accountability workflows under Articles 9, 11, and 17.

Implementation notes

  1. 1.Log timestamps, actor identity, model/version, decision outcome, relevant input/output references, and policy version.
  2. 2.Use SHA-256 hash chaining (RFC 8785 canonicalization) to create tamper-evident append-only chains.
  3. 3.Each record's record_hash becomes the previous_hash of the next record — genesis records have previous_hash: null.
  4. 4.Prefer structured event records over unstructured application logs. Design for retention, searchability, exportability, and chain verification.

Related terms